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Genetic background of liver cirrhosis complications
Šenkeříková, Renáta ; Špičák, Julius (advisor) ; Brůha, Radan (referee) ; Husová, Libuše (referee)
Liver cirrhosis represents the end stage of most chronic liver diseases. The course of the disease and its complications can be significantly influenced by host genetic factors and the severity of portal hypertension (PH). The aim of the study was to describe the role of genetic factors influencing the progression and complications of liver disease and to determine the role of non-invasive assessment of the stage of liver fibrosis and severity of PH and their correlation with portosystemic gradient (HVPG) measurements. We first focused on the role of allelic variants in TLR4 signalling pathway genes in the risk of occurrence of severe bacterial infections in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, liver transplant (LT) candidates. We found that the TNFA c.-238G/A promoter variant significantly reduced the risk of bacterial infections and was associated with a decreased mortality rate. We further investigated the role of the variant G allele in PNPLA3 gene in the progression of chronic liver failure and the need for LT in patients with liver cirrhosis due to HCV infection. As a result, we found that the carriage of the variant G allele led to a faster progression of chronic liver failure and the need for LT at a younger age. Third, we investigated whether the efficacy of triple combination treatment...
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Faktory ovlivňující informovanost veřejnosti o antibiotikách
TUNKOVÁ, Barbora
Adequate knowledge of antibiotic use is one of the main prerequisites for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance, which has become a public health threat in today's world. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender, education, and industry (food industry, agriculture, or healthcare) on awareness of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance through a questionnaire survey (n=799) and to compare antibiotic consumption (defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per year, DDD) in 16 European countries for the reporting period. Women were found to be more knowledgeable about the effects of antibiotics than men (p <0,0010). There was a statistically significant effect of education level and relevant discipline on knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance (p <0,0010). The highest average antibiotic consumption (21.97 DDD) was found in southern Europe, while the lowest antibiotic consumption was found in the Nordic countries (15,62 DDD).
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Role makrofágy produkovaného cytokinu IMPL2 v regulaci systemického metabolismu během bakteriální infekce u \kur{Drosophila melanogaster}
VARGOVÁ, Hana
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to verify whether ImpL2, produced by activated immune cells, is responsible for changes in systemic metabolism during the immune response during the acute phase of bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster. The theoretical part includes previously known information about the immune system of mammals and D. melanogaster, especially about polarization and cellular metabolism of macrophages, as well as knowledge about the roles of the ImpL2 gene and its mammalian homologue Igfbp7. The practical part of the bachelor thesis deals with the role of the ImpL2 gene in the induction of changes in systemic metabolism during the immune response. The effect of the cytokine IMPL2 on selected metabolic genes in adipose tissue after Streptococcus pneumoniae infection was tested by means of macrophage-specific RNA interference. The work also clarifies whether this signaling factor has an effect on the concentration of selected metabolites in circulation and in macrophages during the acute phase of bacterial infection.
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Droplet-borne infections: knowledge, attitudes and behavior of pupils of the lower secondary school
Kašpárková, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with droplet infections and finds out what knowledge, attitudes and behavior pupils of the lower secondary school have towards them. The theoretical part focuses on educational documents in the Czech Republic, including the occurrence of topics about droplet infections in RVP ZV, didactic game as a teaching method and a detail description of selected viral and bacterial droplet infections. In the practical part, the diploma thesis finds out what knowledge, attitudes and behavior students have about droplet infections. Subsequently, a didactic game is performed and the effectiveness of the didactic game is evaluated by comparing the pre-test and the post-test on the basis of changes in the knowledge, attitudes and declared behavior of the interviewed pupils. The results showed that due to the didactic game there was an improvement in the students knowledge and a desired change of attitudes. The declared behavior of students remained unchanged, as the entry level of students in this area was already at a high level.
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Role genu \kur{Impl2} v regulaci imunitní odpovědi na bakteriální infekci u \kur{Drosophila melanogaster}
ŠOKČEVIČOVÁ, Helena
The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of Impl2 gene in the regulation of immune response to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster. The theoretical part provides a conceptual background concerning immunity in drosophila and also it summarizes what is known about the Impl2 gene. In the practical part, the function of Impl2 gene during infection is examined, starting with the location of its production during immune response, the changes of Impl2 gene amount during infection and its essentiality for a proper immune response. Furthermore, it examines the metabolic changes underlying an immune activation in connection to Impl2 gene. Last but not least, it tests how Impl2 gene is connected with the mobilization of energy during Chill Coma Recovery assay.
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Development of an experimental model for yolk antibody prophylaxis of bacterial infections
Hadrabová, Jana ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Nosková, Libuše (referee)
Respiratory system of the cystic fibrosis patients is affected by the defect in gene coding for protein transporter for chloride ions - CFTR ("Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator"). The main complication of this disease is airways chronic inflammation, in particular caused by bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to asialylation of the lung surfaces the bacterial adhesion is facilitated, for example via lectin PAIIL. The ability of the chicken yolk antibodies to protect lung epithelial cells against Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion has been already proven. Therefore this thesis has mainly focused on the influence of the yolk antibodies specific against PAIIL on the development of infection in lungs of experimental animals. The objective was the optimization of the experimental model on which it would be possible to observe the infection development caused by luminescent bacteria strain in vivo using the optical tomography. At first the experiments have been performed on Wistar rats. Since the bacteria colonies in the rat lungs were not detectable in vivo on the available equipment, the rat experimental model showed up as not suitable. Further on only the mouse models were used. Experiments for the inhalation of the antibodies and intratracheal instillation of the bacteria suspension...
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